无论是ACT，还是SAT，对句子成分的考察都可谓是细致入微。有些学生认为，学习英语不用注意这些条条框框，仅凭语感即可。对于简单的句子来说，我们或许能够凭感觉予以攻破；然而，有些复杂的句子，倘若不弄清楚句子成分，并理清句子结构，我们是很难道破其中的玄机的。正所谓“细节决定成败”，同学们必须把基本功夯实，才能够在各种考试中所向披靡。
句子成分，顾名思义，就是句子的组成部分。总体来说，英语中的句子成分共有六种，分别如下：
1、主语（Subject）是一个句子中的主体，常由名词、代词或者起同等作用的词语充当，一般置于句首。如：
The sun rises in the east.
I love English very much.
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
2、谓语（Predicate）用来说明主语的动作或者状态，常由动词充当，位于主语之后。如：
It was raining when she arrived at the airport.
She accepts his proposal at last.
3、宾语（Object）指承担谓语动作的对象，常由名词、代词或者同等作用的词语担任，置于及物动词或者介词之后。如：
She only eats an apple every morning to lose weight.
Our parents love us heart and soul.
He is extremely fond of swimming.
4、补语（Complement）和表语（Predicative），补语用来对主语和宾语进行补充，以使其意思更加完整，一般主要说明主语或宾语的特征，常由名词或形容词担任。表语即是连系动词（be动词、become等词）后面的主语补语。如：
Jane was declared the champion of the match.（主语Jane的补语）
People consider the plan feasible.（宾语plan的补语）
The young lady is elegant.（表语，表明主语The young lady的特征）
Lucy was a teacher before she came to China.（表语，指出主语Lucy的身份）
5、定语（Attribute）用于限定或者修饰名词或者其他相当于名词作用的词语，常由形容词、相当于形容词的短语或者从句充当。形容词常置于名词之前，其他两种定语则位于名词之后。如：
The young lady picked him up every afternoon.
She has a great desire to travel around the world.
The boy who wears a pair of glasses is Harry Porter.
6、状语（Adverbial）用于修饰动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子，常由副词或者具有同等作用的短语或从句充当。如：
Lily performed well in the contest.
Honestly, I do not know how to solve this problem.
As time goes by, we have a much better understanding of each other.
有时候，形容词或者过去分词也可以充当状语，如：
Cold and hungry, the little girl died in the night.
Preoccupied with his work, he has no time to care for his family.